In 2005 acaa.
Replacement of cement by fly ash in concrete.
Different concrete samples prefabricated with various quantities of copper slag vary up to 0 to 60 as fine aggregates substitution and 20 as fly ash replacement with cement.
The paste is the key to strong and durable concrete assuming average quality aggregates are used.
Why should you consider fly ash concrete.
In some cases fly ash can add to the concrete s final strength and increase its chemical resistance and durability.
Recently techniques have been developed to replace partial cement with high volume fly ash 50 cement replacement.
At full hydration concrete made with regular cements produce approximately 1 4 pound of non durable lime per pound of cement in the mix.
As a concrete pozzolan fly ash was never ideal.
The future of fly ash as a readily available and quality effective concrete pozzolan is murky and troubled.
But it was cheap the by product of burning coal and within a restricted class type class f effective.
As per the note of table 5 of this code of practice addition of fly ash quantity can be taken into account in the concrete composition with respect to cement content and water cement ratio.